Buy MOTS-C Peptide 10mg | 99% Pure | Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Product Information
Home > Peptides > Mitochondrial Peptides > MOTS-C Buy MOTS-C Peptide | 10mg | 99% Pure Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide for Longevity & Metabolic Research | Third-Party Tested | USA-Manufactured Product Specifications Sequence: Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg Molecular Formula: C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂ Molecular Weight: 2,174.53 g/mol Sequence Length: 16 amino acids Purity: ≥99% (HPLC) Format: Lyophilized powder Storage: -20°C (freezer) Stability: 2+ years frozen, 14 days refrigerated after reconstitution ✓ Third-Party Tested ✓ Made in USA ✓ Same-Day Shipping ✓ COA Included ✓ For Research Use Only What is MOTS-C Peptide? MOTS-C (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino acid peptide encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Discovered in 2015, MOTS-C represents a groundbreaking class of signaling molecules called mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) that regulate metabolic homeostasis and cellular energy production. Unlike nuclear-encoded peptides, MOTS-C originates from mitochondrial DNA, specifically the 12S rRNA region. This unique origin allows MOTS-C to function as a retrograde signaling molecule—communicating from mitochondria to the nucleus to coordinate metabolic responses to cellular energy status. Key Research Applications: Mitochondrial function and biogenesis studies Metabolic homeostasis investigation AMPK pathway research Exercise physiology and adaptation Aging and longevity research Insulin sensitivity mechanisms Mechanism of Action: Mitochondrial-Nuclear Communication 1. AMPK Activation MOTS-C’s primary mechanism involves activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the cell’s master energy sensor. Upon cellular stress or energy depletion, MOTS-C translocates from cytoplasm to the nucleus where it activates AMPK signaling cascades. AMPK activation promotes: Glucose uptake in skeletal muscle independent of insulin Fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis Inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis Enhanced cellular energy production 2. Nuclear Translocation & Gene Regulation Under metabolic stress, MOTS-C translocates to the nucleus and binds to specific DNA regions, regulating the expression of genes involved in: Antioxidant response pathways Metabolic adaptation to stress Mitochondrial function optimization 3. Folate-Methionine Metabolism MOTS-C interacts with the folate cycle and one-carbon metabolism, influencing nucleotide biosynthesis and methylation reactions critical for cellular function and longevity. Why Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides Matter MOTS-C represents a paradigm shift in understanding how mitochondria communicate with the rest of the cell. Rather than being mere “powerhouses,” mitochondria actively regulate whole-body metabolism through peptide signaling molecules encoded in their own DNA. This discovery has profound implications for aging research, metabolic disease investigation, and understanding cellular energy homeostasis. MOTS-C in Scientific Research Published Research & Key Findings Discovery & Metabolic Effects (Lee et al., 2015) Study Design: Initial characterization in cell culture and mouse models Key Findings: MOTS-C prevented age-dependent and diet-induced insulin resistance. Improved glucose tolerance in mice fed high-fat diet. Regulated metabolic homeostasis via AMPK-dependent mechanisms. Research Implications: Established MOTS-C as a novel metabolic regulator with potential applications in diabetes and obesity research. Citation: Lee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, et al. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2015;21(3):443-454. Nuclear Translocation Mechanism (Kim et al., 2018) Study Design: Cellular localization studies and stress response investigation Key Findings: MOTS-C translocates to the nucleus under metabolic stress. Regulates nuclear gene expression in response to glucose restriction. Acts as metabolic stress sensor linking mitochondria to nuclear gene regulation. Research Implications: Revealed novel mechanism of mitochondrial-nuclear communication in metabolic adaptation. Citation: Kim KH, Son JM, Benayoun BA, Lee C. The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c Translocates to the Nucleus to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression in Response to Metabolic Stress. Cell Metab. 2018;28(3):516-524.e7. Exercise Performance & Muscle Function (Reynolds et al., 2021) Study Design: Exercise capacity testing in aged mice, skeletal muscle analysis Key Findings: MOTS-C treatment restored exercise capacity in aged mice to youthful levels. Enhanced mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle. Improved endurance and reduced physical decline. Research Implications: Suggests MOTS-C may play a role in age-related physical performance decline and muscle metabolism. Citation: Reynolds JC, Lai RW, Woodward JO, et al. MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):470. Longevity & Healthspan Extension (Fuku et al., 2015) Study Design: Population genetics study in centenarians, functional validation in model organisms Key Findings: Specific m.1382A>C polymorphism in MOTS-c sequence associated with exceptional longevity in Japanese population. Functional studies showed this variant maintains MOTS-c activity into advanced age. Research Implications: Links mitochondrial-derived peptides to human longevity, opening new avenues for aging research. Citation: Fuku N, Pareja-Galeano H, Zempo H, et al. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c: a player in exceptional longevity? Aging Cell. 2015;14(6):921-923. MOTS-C vs Other Longevity Peptides MOTS-C vs Humanin Similarity: Both are mitochondrial-derived peptides encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Difference: Humanin (24 amino acids) primarily provides cytoprotection against apoptosis and neurodegenerative processes, while MOTS-C (16 amino acids) focuses on metabolic regulation and energy homeostasis. Research Use: MOTS-C is preferred for metabolic and exercise studies; Humanin for neuroprotection research. MOTS-C vs Epithalon Mechanism: Epithalon acts on the pineal gland and telomerase, while MOTS-C works through AMPK and mitochondrial signaling. Research Focus: Epithalon research centers on telomere biology and pineal function; MOTS-C on metabolic health and mitochondrial communication. MOTS-C vs Metformin Similarity: Both activate AMPK and improve insulin sensitivity. Difference: MOTS-C is an endogenous peptide with additional nuclear signaling functions; metformin is a small molecule drug with different tissue distribution and side effect profile. Research Advantage: MOTS-C represents a physiological regulator, useful for understanding normal metabolic signaling pathways. Reconstitution & Handling Guidelines Reconstitution Protocol Solvent Selection: Use bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) for standard protocols or sterile water for immediate use. Volume: Add 2mL of solvent to 10mg vial for 5mg/mL concentration. Mixing Technique: Gently swirl vial. Do not shake. Allow complete dissolution (1-2 minutes). Visual Inspection: Solution should be clear and colorless. Discard if cloudiness or particles appear. Storage After Reconstitution Refrigerated (2-8°C): Stable for up to 14 days Frozen (-20°C): Not recommended after reconstitution Room Temperature: Use within 4-6 hours Research Dosing Framework Published research in animal models typically uses doses ranging from 0.5mg/kg to 15mg/kg depending on study objectives: Metabolic studies: 5-15mg/kg in mice (IP or SC administration) Exercise performance: 5mg/kg administered 30 minutes before exercise tests Chronic studies: Daily or every-other-day administration for 2-8 weeks Dosing Calculator Concentration: 5mg/mL (10mg vial + 2mL solvent) Example: For 0.5mg dose → 0.1mL (100 units on insulin syringe) Example: For 2mg dose → 0.4mL (400 units on insulin syringe) Example: For 5mg dose → 1.0mL (1000 units or 1mL) Quality Assurance & Third-Party Testing Our Testing Standards Every batch of MOTS-C undergoes comprehensive third-party analysis to verify purity, sequence accuracy, and safety for research use. Testing Methods: HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography): Confirms ≥99% purity Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF or ESI-MS): Verifies molecular weight (2,174.53 ± 1 Da) Amino Acid Analysis: Confirms sequence accuracy and composition Endotoxin Testing: LAL assay ensures
